{"id":"W4415699610","doi":"10.1257/aer.20221501","title":"Quid Pro Quo, Knowledge Spillovers, and Industrial Quality Upgrading: Evidence from the Chinese Auto Industry","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Economic Review","topic":"Global trade, sustainability, and social impact","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Quality (philosophy); Status quo; Exploit; Auto industry; Identification (biology); Automotive industry; China; Joint venture","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00136267,0.0002815796,0.0007460818,0.00005366572,0.0002386526,0.0003031405,0.0004913654,0.0001111204,0.0001068535],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002380522,0.0002023778,0.0001855919,0.0006218169,0.0004096632,0.0007900635,0.0002932497,0.0004358798,0.00008097272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002894432,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002650412,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02606357,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008766872,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983456,0.000148906,0.0006150265,0.0004680722,0.0000868199,0.0003356385],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984458,0.0004576983,0.0004956958,0.0004986569,0.00006560798,0.00003652939],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004100312,0.00007074839,0.8130888,0.00102811,0.0001473593,0.00000162972,0.000286796,0.00000294244,0.000002995592,0.005286612,0.04123309,0.13881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005919113,0.00002851936,0.5904791,0.002861093,0.0004031259,6.900335e-7,0.003316547,0.0001250093,8.159989e-7,0.004255951,0.3973823,0.0005549088],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9329729,0.03624096,0.000007646482,0.0167242,0.00068302,0.001072982,0.00001826226,0.0000863176,0.01219372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9826823,0.008474899,0.00001024621,0.00731209,0.001276605,0.00003592568,0.00001263654,0.00001466807,0.0001806369],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3561493,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.980422,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06238385387942431,"score_gpt":0.3558961885279349,"score_spread":0.2935123346485106,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}