{"id":"W4415710969","doi":"10.1038/s41467-025-64613-6","title":"Single rate-limiting event of carcinogenesis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Communications","topic":"Single-cell and spatial transcriptomics","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"National Cancer Institute; American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services","keywords":"Carcinogenesis; Incidence (geometry); Breast cancer; Event (particle physics); Somatic cell; Cancer; Competition (biology); Mechanism (biology); Plateau (mathematics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001276155,0.00007351684,0.00009374721,0.00004462545,0.0001092315,0.000008376193,0.0005306744,0.0002008617,0.000003019896],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000134887,0.00007505887,0.00008198137,0.0001533522,0.00008116281,0.000001673748,0.0001646479,0.0001777289,9.040704e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001284448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006457974,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002164184,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002784725,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994829,0.00008489106,0.0001729447,0.0001228927,0.00004385497,0.00009251275],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987854,0.00004787025,0.00005567963,0.0009487562,0.0001415546,0.00002078063],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000160693,0.0001505128,0.01191269,0.00001461486,0.00004270841,7.894464e-8,0.00002602518,0.00002251481,0.9820239,0.002325422,0.00102002,0.002445429],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000307972,0.00005485922,0.01259317,0.00003828975,0.00004542225,0.000001029909,0.00007761642,0.0001590415,0.8520393,0.0001397401,0.1344292,0.0001143758],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9543782,0.02360683,0.00228925,0.00220659,0.0003236591,0.0002203662,0.00005327084,0.00002429014,0.0168975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964678,0.0004982709,0.002120089,0.0004125365,0.0000264745,0.00001104639,0.0001573861,0.000008279965,0.0002981706],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1334092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3060812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01921203198258223,"score_gpt":0.2835871495113719,"score_spread":0.2643751175287896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}