{"id":"W4415718252","doi":"10.1016/j.hal.2025.102989","title":"Controlling harmful algal blooms (HABs) in marine waters: Review of current status and future prospects","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Harmful Algae","topic":"Marine and coastal ecosystems","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Grieg Seafood (Canada)","funders":"National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science; National Institute of Fisheries Science; Fisheries Agency; North Pacific Marine Science Organization","keywords":"Algal bloom; Marine ecosystem; Mesocosm; Estuary; Ecosystem; Outreach; Red tide","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002011119,0.0007852393,0.001536217,0.00214147,0.0003708841,0.001413628,0.001136847,0.001510069,0.002382211],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001755702,0.0003374741,0.0008158708,0.002300468,0.0007721169,0.002012661,0.0008834351,0.001451497,0.0007175807],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007038074,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002455379,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00213358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00362158,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994861,0.00008427518,0.0001156976,0.00008453293,0.0001812113,0.00004812615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974604,0.001300634,0.0003820805,0.00004416041,0.000662512,0.0001502497],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008945449,0.000110622,0.0005487455,0.02899652,0.0001053611,0.0001112573,0.0001274297,0.0007200271,0.002280058,0.003121941,0.01288795,0.9509007],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001849386,0.0003987803,0.001955024,0.01546718,0.0004225701,0.000534835,0.0003663237,0.000352876,0.001432653,0.002475715,0.976529,0.00004651839],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0001872114,0.9986278,0.0001551383,0.000475406,0.0001201201,0.00000488389,0.00001242641,0.000006050387,0.0004110512],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.000936457,0.9982376,0.0002786204,0.0002872735,0.00009657954,0.000006536516,0.00001875241,0.000001505539,0.0001366136],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002382211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01063597,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007516769537345171,"score_gpt":0.2230799997441474,"score_spread":0.2155632302068022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}