{"id":"W4415720243","doi":"10.5539/cis.v18n2p58","title":"Malware – Common Attacks & Preventions","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Computer and Information Science","topic":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Malware; Adversarial system; Automation; Phishing; Adversarial machine learning; Intrusion detection system; Cryptovirology; Corporate governance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication"],"consensus_categories":["scholarly_communication"],"category_scores_codex":[0.001191577,0.0003181757,0.0003186671,0.001479953,0.001598758,0.00227118,0.001833919,0.0001346858,0.00002976726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000113579,0.0003310888,0.0000982573,0.004180907,0.001058173,0.02520508,0.002267249,0.0003752639,0.0001501209],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002175666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000553289,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001973024,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006185585,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9971307,0.00007468103,0.0009453352,0.0005864945,0.000680342,0.0005824264],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972666,0.0001129862,0.0003702052,0.001125498,0.0008830306,0.0002416618],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007025392,0.00004071831,0.000363876,0.0001238375,0.000009449397,5.45678e-7,0.001254793,0.0004735668,0.00005600864,0.1002772,0.003870114,0.8935229],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006396235,0.0002296949,0.02495585,0.0005282837,0.00002195955,0.00008148063,0.0000654132,0.3055067,0.002769781,0.01108036,0.6534317,0.0006891308],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002996623,0.0001839901,0.9827149,0.001381733,0.00227165,0.0005958769,0.00001360364,0.0004899803,0.009351629],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6478797,0.0006098329,0.3448087,0.00529943,0.0001069675,0.00007313351,0.00001450774,0.000008332735,0.001199508],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8928337,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999141,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01244674892407446,"score_gpt":0.3101774044813561,"score_spread":0.2977306555572816,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}