{"id":"W4415815001","doi":"10.3390/futuretransp5040161","title":"A Machine Learning Approach to Traffic Congestion Hotspot Identification and Prediction","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Future Transportation","topic":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Hotspot (geology); Traffic congestion; Geospatial analysis; Snapshot (computer storage); Artificial neural network; Deep learning; Convolutional neural network","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009074485,0.0006719588,0.0007240743,0.00139277,0.000442218,0.00083974,0.001111046,0.0009226913,0.0008435991],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002981176,0.000341659,0.0004363277,0.001385081,0.0004911733,0.0009014115,0.0006597023,0.001171216,0.0001600863],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009569871,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009000752,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01322882,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.009166153,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994501,0.0001956236,0.00003624017,0.0001620636,0.00009393916,0.00006200437],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987127,0.0008719548,0.0001275306,0.00005088233,0.0001935122,0.0000435777],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003272976,0.0001218601,0.00380402,0.00003622316,0.00006158053,0.00005366552,0.00003399905,0.9334289,0.0004188231,0.002907676,0.0007340137,0.05836646],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001564406,0.000009501401,0.0002789885,0.000002165518,0.000002679549,0.000004543565,0.000005867095,0.9978979,0.00007182236,0.00161724,0.0001053951,0.000002329256],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05006027,0.0006550319,0.9453539,0.0006573139,0.00007635823,0.00007756765,0.0002707664,0.0006029765,0.002245787],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.88103,0.0004018473,0.1155639,0.0001714986,0.0002173913,0.0001676902,0.0003983947,0.00003086801,0.002018311],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01322882,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02630365,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004156967358844551,"score_gpt":0.1929750069218384,"score_spread":0.1888180395629939,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}