{"id":"W4415820115","doi":"10.3390/mining5040071","title":"Underground Pumped Hydroelectric Energy Storage in Salt Caverns in Southern Ontario, Canada: Impact of Operating Temperature on Cavern Stability and Interlayer Leakage","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Mining","topic":"Geothermal Energy Systems and Applications","field":"Energy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Newfoundland and Labrador Centre for Applied Health Research; Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Brine; Leakage (economics); Hydroelectricity; Renewable energy; Creep; Compressed air energy storage; Water storage","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001240057,0.0003400845,0.0003242519,0.0002439698,0.001273199,0.0008089881,0.0007106243,0.0004908635,0.001234714],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003250281,0.0002312706,0.0004628828,0.0004381702,0.0008653693,0.0003237999,0.0005255776,0.000329417,0.0001026195],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00798214,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007555706,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9236619,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9481802,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999077,0.000004550477,0.000005003167,0.00002221041,0.00002540765,0.00003515359],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998695,0.00002725926,0.00001613438,0.000009113291,0.00004972033,0.00002833479],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006663234,0.0001644784,0.2668291,0.0002906997,0.0001170904,0.001867151,0.001168449,0.6658167,0.03740966,0.001443375,0.001890005,0.02233699],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001156632,0.0001591364,0.2162723,0.00005408413,0.00007350581,0.0001502115,0.002195273,0.7709739,0.006597445,0.0003941854,0.002900475,0.0001138003],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9978122,0.00003071749,0.0004051142,0.00003334547,0.000002811372,0.00001123953,0.0004033965,0.0000244823,0.001276727],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988251,0.00003397122,0.0003351602,0.00000583845,5.251829e-7,0.000007232028,0.0001738208,0.000004976927,0.0006133337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07633805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1535752,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009882585952548683,"score_gpt":0.2236922457567543,"score_spread":0.2138096598042057,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}