{"id":"W4415824580","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.2025.00630","title":"When Protection Becomes Punishment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Affairs","topic":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Child, Adolescent and Family Mental Health","funders":"","keywords":"Punishment (psychology); MEDLINE; Punitive damages","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"empirical","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":[],"domain":null,"study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001947656,0.0001224365,0.0002997326,0.0001277454,0.00065781,0.000009140712,0.0001390586,0.0001729728,0.002245378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001210545,0.0001025103,0.00004842541,0.0002344297,0.00005252042,0.0001249533,0.00009106251,0.0008331325,0.0005797379],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004687337,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001216556,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002130554,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006215959,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973057,0.0009080276,0.0006321493,0.0002923974,0.0002560732,0.0006056904],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9984838,0.0005385408,0.0002152107,0.0003905853,0.0001014974,0.0002703215],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001091367,0.0002075025,0.01093948,0.00312339,0.00003116057,0.000002023109,0.007624379,0.000001584269,0.00001607331,0.0251592,0.925388,0.02739806],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004988698,0.0001273712,0.007093919,0.000414833,0.000008454921,3.033622e-7,0.01665812,0.0001016797,0.00000779893,0.004212896,0.9708005,0.0000752622],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.00793488,0.0008336207,0.003362388,0.9256094,0.002329911,0.002701482,0.000005822652,0.0003147712,0.05690773],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9611533,0.0002445782,0.00190345,0.01613497,0.0003667887,0.0007812059,0.00001417165,0.00001362433,0.01938788],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9532185,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9986667,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07102500763500916,"score_gpt":0.4525574160033604,"score_spread":0.3815324083683512,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}