{"id":"W4415906817","doi":"10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107585","title":"PayTech on BigTech platforms","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Banking & Finance","topic":"Digital Platforms and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Bank of Canada","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Payment; Incentive; Order (exchange); Value (mathematics); Subsidy; Payment system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005501633,0.0002334419,0.0001844197,0.001004265,0.001834911,0.005054756,0.0004110699,0.001144087,0.05830899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003890147,0.0001581235,0.0002320738,0.0008420644,0.0008669322,0.006416196,0.002712457,0.001872946,0.004974831],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001226529,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007281351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002655171,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003613887,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993798,0.00009852085,0.00001014025,0.00006044047,0.000259484,0.0001916785],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982105,0.000575901,0.000147763,0.0003096049,0.0003643948,0.0003918349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000298818,0.0001593386,0.006553922,0.00006242665,0.00001473055,0.000518652,0.0008289763,0.001948471,0.00157171,0.8097392,0.07872704,0.09957666],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006892464,0.0001906942,0.02018871,0.0002720374,0.00003187911,0.0004459964,0.003888105,0.00947353,0.004324945,0.3974848,0.5635615,0.00006892937],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1763722,0.0005994412,0.003265603,0.008636824,0.0006031979,0.00002858956,0.0002901028,0.0002541509,0.8099499],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8775193,0.0004644135,0.0008709522,0.00139437,0.0004451313,0.00001581878,0.000257841,0.0001402642,0.1188919],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.05830899,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.195063,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01117283348509335,"score_gpt":0.2089163095041928,"score_spread":0.1977434760190994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}