{"id":"W4415906817","doi":"10.1016/j.jbankfin.2025.107585","title":"PayTech on BigTech platforms","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Banking & Finance","topic":"Digital Platforms and Economics","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University; Bank of Canada","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Payment; Incentive; Order (exchange); Value (mathematics); Subsidy; Payment system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003135139,0.0001145567,0.0002215168,0.0003201255,0.00009880797,0.0004171294,0.0002859941,0.00005686357,0.00003806263],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006399313,0.0000888956,0.0001195151,0.0003025005,0.00002213889,0.002721274,0.0000708843,0.0002105352,0.00009555722],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004982828,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003224368,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001017533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000006565169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991831,1.740279e-7,0.0003996818,0.0001050336,0.00012214,0.0001898615],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992846,0.00002857019,0.0004489513,0.0001371887,0.00009613608,0.000004573461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002048715,0.0001504524,0.006506648,0.0001232107,0.00005613215,0.00005741337,0.00001970185,0.002222396,0.00009514242,0.8026158,0.01978406,0.1681641],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001147815,0.00007224633,0.0198015,0.0009380543,0.00003876042,0.00001749738,0.0001165025,0.002135411,0.0004505249,0.5204256,0.4545369,0.0003191947],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9008146,0.00008531049,0.0004756889,0.0003148562,0.0009073731,0.00004502361,4.2453e-7,0.00001889657,0.09733786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964586,0.00003659836,0.0003008839,0.002191868,0.0004114089,0.000001012538,0.000001059866,0.00001022744,0.0005883028],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4347528,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4022388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01117283348509335,"score_gpt":0.2089163095041928,"score_spread":0.1977434760190994,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}