{"id":"W4415909574","doi":"10.7759/cureus.96121","title":"Artificial Intelligence in Ophthalmology: Practical Applications, Subspecialty Evidence and Real-World Deployment","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Cureus","topic":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Subspecialty; Triage; Software deployment; Applications of artificial intelligence; Field (mathematics); Optical coherence tomography; MEDLINE","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04137967,0.0007642615,0.001311171,0.009527524,0.001333537,0.01067167,0.002305891,0.004435953,0.006723967],"category_scores_gemma":[0.1172695,0.0005356355,0.0009084421,0.008855801,0.00952151,0.01214001,0.004754327,0.005048295,0.0009948214],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.006137077,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01407717,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004555564,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006335126,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9763184,0.01282287,0.002921069,0.001242471,0.006116499,0.0005787212],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.7899222,0.1678673,0.009617317,0.006506372,0.02272647,0.003360349],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002039702,0.0001696536,0.01848538,0.02410837,0.0003768174,0.0005683254,0.00216118,0.0009400776,0.0003036494,0.1033214,0.04653772,0.8028234],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001123637,0.0005858986,0.04752597,0.1929553,0.0005142944,0.003280509,0.01022167,0.002368557,0.0006818469,0.2231987,0.5183282,0.0002266985],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.00381449,0.8673282,0.003003543,0.1010334,0.001798134,0.0001065587,0.000188764,0.00003605751,0.02269076],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.09823886,0.8699303,0.008326278,0.01828141,0.003808618,0.0002108732,0.0002600487,0.00003546642,0.0009082282],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04137967,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2188392,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1891006692909896,"score_gpt":0.5005580515502915,"score_spread":0.3114573822593019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}