{"id":"W4415915486","doi":"10.1002/resp.70155","title":"Early Diagnosis of <scp>COPD</scp> —How Can we Do Better?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Respirology","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"COPD; Spirometry; Disease; Clinical Practice; Diagnostic test; Health care; MEDLINE; Pulmonary disease","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000242001,0.0002334247,0.0006123774,0.0005372792,0.00007846795,0.0000186826,0.0003229423,0.0002732067,0.0002585111],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008799297,0.0002183581,0.0002079625,0.0006024074,0.0005067646,0.00005725264,0.0002738498,0.0004644785,0.00005804267],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002673731,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005225029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002108706,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000519734,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977819,0.0002377992,0.0003417444,0.0005595242,0.0003923798,0.0006866583],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997816,0.0008159662,0.0001117683,0.0007733058,0.0002138158,0.0002691285],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001539805,0.000341316,0.9075402,0.0007807342,0.0003466912,0.0004162187,0.0002751226,0.00000402057,0.004297567,0.002190764,0.01783523,0.06581818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002013921,0.0003899551,0.8847618,0.0001470681,0.0001619412,0.00002157478,0.0001544157,0.000051673,0.004038392,0.002867317,0.1053299,0.0000620138],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9662117,0.005290266,0.00003023013,0.01934945,0.0002497083,0.0006153298,0.00008104053,0.00006141569,0.008110902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924925,0.0004384125,0.0001354755,0.001250941,0.0002298836,0.0001974418,0.00002142041,0.00003553195,0.005198374],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0874947,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8904383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01587316017791786,"score_gpt":0.2946357921193652,"score_spread":0.2787626319414474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}