{"id":"W4415929074","doi":"10.1038/s41586-025-09683-8","title":"Global satellite survey reveals uncertainty in landfill methane emissions","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Landfill Environmental Impact Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"GHGSat (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Methane; Greenhouse gas; Methane emissions; Satellite; Municipal solid waste; Atmospheric methane; Natural gas","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000493219,0.0001744304,0.000226446,0.00003061179,0.00007644208,0.0000151115,0.0002644311,0.0005480957,0.0006709053],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003841094,0.0001293904,0.00005010306,0.0007284067,0.0001210405,0.00009918378,0.0003694145,0.0006903114,0.0001433394],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005801967,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001115241,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002018296,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003017538,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986901,0.0001624709,0.0001952756,0.0003450517,0.0002651894,0.0003419225],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994267,0.0001497268,0.00004502262,0.0002838105,0.000003952305,0.00009077865],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004198386,0.0000609484,0.9780297,0.00000533108,0.0000153263,0.00001088869,0.00006136834,0.0004727004,0.000959038,0.00002696543,0.01693688,0.003378847],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003955538,0.00001494297,0.9824743,0.00002879829,0.000008689721,0.000002277356,0.00002396508,0.00002938813,0.0003260389,0.001264697,0.01529222,0.0001391704],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8648353,0.001962389,0.00001233467,0.001764958,0.0003181684,0.0003107192,0.0001883239,0.00004942377,0.1305584],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.993952,0.0002778103,0.0001696926,0.002117373,0.00001248496,0.000009769355,0.00004662485,0.000006233773,0.003407959],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1291168,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7345942,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01003917916364649,"score_gpt":0.2938480222362527,"score_spread":0.2838088430726062,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}