{"id":"W4415929610","doi":"10.1016/j.desal.2025.119612","title":"A review of rubidium: Resources, technologies, and applications","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Desalination","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"Central South University","keywords":"Rubidium; Electrowinning; Sustainable development; Photovoltaic system; Resource (disambiguation)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00065818,0.0008755252,0.001188803,0.00396841,0.0004244899,0.001434351,0.0009089547,0.0007863055,0.00506827],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001207225,0.0003537716,0.0008153675,0.005140445,0.0003186624,0.001892454,0.0006320809,0.0007617997,0.001766307],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000573674,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002431819,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001824126,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002988304,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994966,0.00007771402,0.00011828,0.00008952168,0.0001783514,0.00003952683],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993661,0.0002931666,0.0001377336,0.00002135111,0.0001426493,0.00003901499],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000105771,0.00008318276,0.0009365347,0.1037278,0.0002084039,0.0006506561,0.0003263105,0.0007461712,0.008096925,0.005576492,0.04470345,0.8348383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005393455,0.00009196683,0.001181366,0.005813195,0.0001804016,0.0009206085,0.0001163488,0.00009776578,0.001075309,0.001026964,0.9894701,0.00002068811],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0005380595,0.9966233,0.0003274718,0.0003019871,0.0001773187,0.000008951039,0.0001446539,0.0000188573,0.001859413],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001935935,0.9961332,0.0004995986,0.0002032859,0.0001653406,0.00001157029,0.0001769936,0.000005079137,0.0008690428],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00506827,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01695508,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007728856730799,"score_gpt":0.2664940913674646,"score_spread":0.2587652346366656,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}