{"id":"W4415945020","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-00182-5_4","title":"Where Has All the Nickel Gone?","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Nickel Institute","funders":"","keywords":"Scrap; Nickel; Alloy; Nickel alloy; Metal","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.00003579644,0.0001654211,0.0001279367,0.00004659432,0.00005620075,0.00008615271,0.0001358433,0.0001881388,0.005219759],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004897649,0.0001174777,0.00007070756,0.0000150094,0.00002552304,0.00005960689,0.00001571533,0.0002910789,0.001103331],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002634904,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003780672,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000005605624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002691862,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999525,0.000002137191,0.000169802,0.0001136026,0.0001024731,0.00008700138],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996405,0.00005434189,0.00002332227,0.0002115002,0.0000428766,0.00002752111],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001064408,0.000001476325,1.751891e-7,0.00008942068,0.00007011843,0.000001267244,0.00003800286,0.0004597255,0.00001937304,0.1770783,0.8203074,0.001933695],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000454727,0.000003261857,0.000001051771,0.00004510281,0.00002550652,0.000003064084,0.00001215489,0.000810064,0.0000687958,0.002827224,0.9960223,0.0001360454],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[3.481649e-7,0.003723269,0.002494245,0.001366131,0.0004660009,0.0000943296,0.000008000275,0.0003608599,0.9914868],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0002689853,0.002548384,0.0001013502,0.000637206,0.00009919604,0.00000810172,0.00002195905,0.00002654397,0.9962883],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1757149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996744,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02902143758885691,"score_gpt":0.2452102860363865,"score_spread":0.2161888484475296,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}