{"id":"W4415958665","doi":"10.1021/acs.jpclett.5c01792","title":"Revisiting the Shockley–Queisser Limit: Understanding Solar Cell Efficiency in One Sun and Indoor Environments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters","topic":"solar cell performance optimization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"National Research Foundation of Korea","keywords":"Incandescent light bulb; Black-body radiation; Photovoltaic system; Light-emitting diode; Limit (mathematics); Radiative transfer; Transmittance; Enclosure","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002687809,0.0001015304,0.0001337196,0.00002441947,0.00007859609,0.00003090374,0.0001795645,0.00002935785,0.000005806684],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001796824,0.00006912994,0.00004040031,0.0001469546,0.00006334523,0.0001131382,0.00003738679,0.000429654,0.000001198732],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000160297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007471297,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":7.058875e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.50728e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.99941,0.00002639922,0.0002000962,0.00005966067,0.0001499548,0.0001538954],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996251,0.000151363,0.0000753096,0.0001175861,0.000005005773,0.00002567466],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001641733,0.00001681501,0.0005762958,0.00008980722,0.00002032232,0.000002119143,0.0004839191,0.1607544,0.8378109,0.000004207033,0.0000313212,0.0001934831],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008945479,0.00001780703,0.002045433,0.0004109709,0.0001209276,0.00001221717,0.001063883,0.4277419,0.5672674,0.0001147086,0.00009322667,0.0002169054],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9835464,0.0002039509,0.0145682,0.0009789905,0.00002677521,0.0000534761,3.83904e-7,0.000007826276,0.0006139896],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9994704,0.0001192077,0.0001012428,0.0001203663,0.0001642948,8.445704e-7,5.704962e-7,0.00001156052,0.00001149008],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2705434,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2819037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009703710446120747,"score_gpt":0.1917736050398764,"score_spread":0.1820698945937556,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}