{"id":"W4415974330","doi":"10.1016/j.procs.2025.10.037","title":"Proof and Application of Little’s Formula in Optimizing Bulk-service Multi-server Queue Systems","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Procedia Computer Science","topic":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Military College of Canada","funders":"Canadian Defence Academy","keywords":"Queue; Queueing theory; Bulk queue; Function (biology); Queueing system; Server; Service (business)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003722602,0.001127181,0.001288967,0.000883109,0.0005374042,0.001150341,0.00177461,0.001357546,0.004599936],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01301816,0.0004726336,0.001074149,0.001044876,0.001573559,0.002395575,0.001412623,0.002231447,0.0006929011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001982557,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002901626,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004279442,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00263143,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991247,0.0002617348,0.00003016682,0.000093922,0.0003806788,0.0001088716],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9962873,0.002571882,0.0001547595,0.000169827,0.0007284041,0.00008775684],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004744187,0.00009464166,0.0005688706,0.000247137,0.00003461437,0.0001715083,0.000201509,0.3561416,0.002722871,0.6004099,0.006923565,0.03243628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001745064,0.00003130158,0.000159227,0.00004378489,0.000008935281,0.00003077096,0.00001917839,0.8730316,0.0005025758,0.1240471,0.002094766,0.00001325418],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.009506836,0.0008560633,0.9712573,0.001307738,0.0001967258,0.00009576621,0.0001315846,0.0001771077,0.01647088],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6198032,0.002193238,0.3614083,0.001505928,0.0004922511,0.0005873612,0.0002167081,0.0004216681,0.01337132],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004599936,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01968729,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01089847698679456,"score_gpt":0.2450923013995467,"score_spread":0.2341938244127521,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}