{"id":"W4416016244","doi":"10.1016/s0140-6736(25)01853-7","title":"Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease in adults, 1990–2023, and its attributable risk factors: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Lancet","topic":"Chronic Kidney Disease and Diabetes","field":"Medicine","cited_by":174,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of Calgary; McMaster University; University of Manitoba; University of British Columbia; Université de Montréal; University of Alberta","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Medical Research Council; Laboratório Associado para a Química Verde; Daiichi Sankyo Europe; Servier; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Universidade do Porto; Rede de Química e Tecnologia; Amgen; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; Novo Nordisk; Fondazione Cariplo; Australian Academy of Science; AstraZeneca; Amarin Corporation; Wellcome Trust; National Institutes of Health; Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; Eli Lilly and Company; Cardiff University; Biogen; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Government of Canada; Sanofi; National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center; National Kidney Foundation; Esperion Therapeutics; Ultragenyx Pharmaceutical; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","keywords":"Kidney disease; Burden of disease; Diabetes mellitus; Disease burden; Attributable risk; Disease; Risk assessment","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01898445,0.001341228,0.005241342,0.008688968,0.0004180707,0.001409434,0.000951275,0.00107346,0.001512899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02448142,0.0008672019,0.02285945,0.01323469,0.0005368026,0.0008168257,0.001702149,0.001339133,0.0002737003],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002442766,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006824908,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03610872,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05940691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9907026,0.004286068,0.002071147,0.00100419,0.001687138,0.000248804],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9884027,0.005928693,0.002780825,0.0005978228,0.002061457,0.0002284796],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"meta_analysis","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001982327,0.00004514685,0.173134,0.2396389,0.4770419,0.0003084406,0.0006018592,0.005317337,0.0004772086,0.001690361,0.01980165,0.079961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001350532,0.0003901896,0.1962875,0.1113479,0.6505645,0.0007422912,0.0004264789,0.002906137,0.0003644687,0.002430261,0.03302574,0.0001640849],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01705053,0.95485,0.002689515,0.001578591,0.0002704676,0.0004029591,0.02237774,0.00007898201,0.0007012519],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.336027,0.6310802,0.009890497,0.001845474,0.0004399009,0.00251948,0.01767323,0.00007579709,0.0004484613],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.03610872,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1004006,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02485125094545236,"score_gpt":0.3090630999449381,"score_spread":0.2842118489994857,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}