{"id":"W4416026758","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2025.114382","title":"Spectral remote sensing reveals forest structural characteristics resilient to spruce budworm infestations","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Ecological Indicators","topic":"Fire effects on ecosystems","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Spruce budworm; Basal area; Disturbance (geology); Canopy; Vegetation (pathology); Resilience (materials science); Forest restoration; Forest management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004142702,0.0002164245,0.0003007459,0.0001598196,0.0003103156,0.00006837463,0.0003220756,0.0001660312,0.0007630462],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008246807,0.0001818431,0.0000764714,0.0008709012,0.0001694401,0.0001207173,0.0003119883,0.0002867069,0.001007079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006252693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002531979,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003162277,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008880309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998072,0.0001570144,0.0004600709,0.0004970812,0.0002768938,0.0005369419],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989021,0.0003204438,0.0001587693,0.0003568871,0.000009551845,0.000252278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005455756,0.00007708382,0.9318051,0.00003854822,0.00003805916,0.0001387528,0.0004529417,0.0005782593,0.004191753,0.002063183,0.007824453,0.05273736],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001452013,0.0001340792,0.9895127,0.00003230372,0.00001528311,0.000009583709,0.00002312995,0.003382612,0.0003263059,0.001461124,0.004749902,0.0002077586],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9878137,0.000004008314,0.0009116101,0.001141762,0.0006522728,0.0006884254,0.00001768211,0.0001274908,0.008643062],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.992466,0.000002614742,0.005669712,0.001082829,0.00007158887,0.000004692873,0.00001517586,0.00001300643,0.0006743514],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.05770767,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997708,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006891411086168746,"score_gpt":0.2505495266716942,"score_spread":0.2436581155855254,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}