{"id":"W4416047950","doi":"10.1093/gji/ggaf443","title":"Induced polarization as a tool to characterize permafrost 1. Theory and laboratory experiments","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geophysical Journal International","topic":"Climate change and permafrost","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":5,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nunavut Arctic College","funders":"Nunatsinni Ilisimatusarnermik Siunnersuisoqatigiit; College of Natural Resources and Sciences, Humboldt State University; Région Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; NordForsk; Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras; Agence Nationale de la Recherche; Strong","keywords":"Induced polarization; Conductivity; Permafrost; Polarization (electrochemistry); Ice core; Sea ice growth processes; Petrophysics; Porous medium","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005197835,0.0003950466,0.0002712526,0.0004941016,0.0002262783,0.0006775254,0.0006780815,0.0005830548,0.0008421687],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001033822,0.000226233,0.0002248488,0.0004427221,0.001384697,0.001235309,0.0006967288,0.0008932933,0.0002811025],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003979146,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001353617,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001397978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006074691,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995791,0.0001140634,0.00001315345,0.0001126915,0.0001545373,0.00002645644],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995952,0.0001990003,0.00004769681,0.00008327076,0.00005720376,0.00001762152],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002003488,0.0002205725,0.005402046,0.000555223,0.0000526485,0.0003875656,0.0005505198,0.08083554,0.7616258,0.07385237,0.001724869,0.07459247],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003210076,0.000409909,0.00396844,0.00009177525,0.00002605139,0.0004863562,0.0002175371,0.5118391,0.4037879,0.07055258,0.008495156,0.0000929751],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3387024,0.002669242,0.639923,0.0008782363,0.00009771805,0.0001112565,0.0005316465,0.0007462527,0.01634023],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9712092,0.001146153,0.02631884,0.0000926811,0.00004134521,0.0001035971,0.0001175667,0.00004396769,0.0009266033],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0008421687,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00288713,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02010036796331266,"score_gpt":0.2798056163764957,"score_spread":0.259705248413183,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}