{"id":"W4416080994","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-00167-2_4","title":"Innovative Approaches to Nickel Recovery from Pentlandite: A Comprehensive Review of Advancements in Efficiency and Sustainability","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"","topic":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Sustainability; Pyrometallurgy; Nickel sulfide; Nickel; Environmentally friendly; Global challenges; Focus (optics)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008916534,0.00111796,0.002178777,0.003263444,0.0002872435,0.001374492,0.0008757301,0.0009340962,0.003122051],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008801315,0.0004858618,0.0009977586,0.003766965,0.0003914603,0.001422464,0.0008268093,0.00119395,0.0009159104],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005593616,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001660635,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001772348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004883282,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997041,0.00003376507,0.00004788341,0.00005596077,0.0001292043,0.00002911563],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995803,0.0002166843,0.0000780105,0.00001306567,0.0000938741,0.00001801221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009690028,0.0001220644,0.0002081181,0.1055587,0.0002938075,0.0001428793,0.00006887654,0.0007526517,0.007526448,0.004416149,0.01019853,0.8706149],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003192002,0.0003127054,0.001316798,0.01199066,0.0007551924,0.0006572937,0.0001278715,0.0003041674,0.004674779,0.002340153,0.9774265,0.00006205591],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000234004,0.9987086,0.0002375694,0.00009587161,0.00006703547,0.000007794266,0.0000312901,0.000006245298,0.0006115809],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.0008931994,0.9984242,0.000287125,0.00006689065,0.00003085976,0.000005512924,0.00002932429,0.000001267376,0.0002616491],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003263444,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01044434,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08599151530641917,"score_gpt":0.3296997263718499,"score_spread":0.2437082110654307,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}