{"id":"W4416081151","doi":"10.1007/978-3-032-00167-2_44","title":"Nickel in a Time of Sustainability and Market Upheaval","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Extraction and Separation Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Joseph Brant Hospital; Merck Canada Inc. (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Tonnage; Sustainability; World market; Pyrometallurgy; Production (economics); Investment (military); Market share; Commodity","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003780895,0.0005910142,0.0004182325,0.001035304,0.002440555,0.005654726,0.000587426,0.0021318,0.02075386],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006202926,0.0002325686,0.0002447708,0.001087561,0.00267522,0.005372357,0.001732526,0.002496331,0.006148829],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003944676,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002044661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006020545,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02691598,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996992,0.00004486675,0.00001088133,0.00004904497,0.0001518984,0.00004406033],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999068,0.0000325523,0.000004734975,0.00001744476,0.00002607348,0.00001239987],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002416347,0.00002227619,0.00006141621,0.0001557968,0.000003274986,0.0002342308,0.00119068,0.0001649102,0.0009863772,0.8555902,0.09477349,0.04679325],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001239296,0.000006881799,0.00006502258,0.00009222158,0.000001638149,0.0001040673,0.000565951,0.00006572319,0.0008082173,0.04225153,0.9560328,0.000004635872],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.001591054,0.01205166,0.001483249,0.005463669,0.00231174,0.0000172782,0.00004192951,0.00008074436,0.9769586],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.01505512,0.006919508,0.0008085108,0.001396464,0.0004581427,0.000017547,0.0000321029,0.0001371885,0.9751755],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02075386,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06942856,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005269474801161019,"score_gpt":0.2266694158902014,"score_spread":0.2213999410890404,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}