{"id":"W4416088004","doi":"10.33137/taj.v2i1.46165","title":"The Heritage Language Education and Ethnic Identity among the Second-Generation Tamil Immigrants in Canada: Impacts, Issues and Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Tamil Academic Journal","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Tamil; Heritage language; Ethnic group; Immigration; Identity (music); Cultural heritage","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003635382,0.0002167755,0.000245302,0.000136799,0.001596605,0.0003361315,0.0005012195,0.0002611084,0.0001234345],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008811718,0.0001496511,0.00004482913,0.0004875652,0.0004456665,0.000688741,0.00009081957,0.001755155,0.000002242654],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000679601,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006276027,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.8331128,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9940048,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9970576,0.001059242,0.0006522383,0.0002635063,0.0004468116,0.0005206535],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986243,0.000424281,0.0003937276,0.0001780848,0.0001307442,0.0002489144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000208352,0.00005183962,0.03451933,0.0001329088,0.00007746844,0.000002578668,0.3607349,0.000004083106,0.001287574,0.005728828,0.009451524,0.5879881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002608505,0.00001073085,0.6328434,0.0002053704,0.00003113592,0.00001614439,0.3383413,0.0001637485,0.0001155675,0.0008206732,0.02703906,0.0001520747],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6688637,0.3007152,6.570602e-7,0.02758235,0.001509546,0.0002152479,0.000006978647,0.000004372371,0.00110195],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.671564,0.320914,0.00000317867,0.00128091,0.001067895,0.000009381351,0.000001212252,0.000007133162,0.005152239],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.598324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0578047907648712,"score_gpt":0.4245964982237463,"score_spread":0.3667917074588751,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}