{"id":"W4416126683","doi":"10.1177/01634437251395003","title":"Sovereignty-as-a-service: How big tech companies co-opt and redefine digital sovereignty","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Media Culture & Society","topic":"Cybersecurity and Cyber Warfare Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"University of Toronto Scarborough; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Sovereignty; Ideology; Frame (networking); Service (business); State (computer science); Popular sovereignty; Provisioning","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01387461,0.0005133511,0.0004121586,0.002524372,0.01155159,0.02134662,0.001353278,0.004667306,0.002834348],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02050674,0.000405035,0.0004370087,0.00264411,0.0672701,0.0285756,0.0121291,0.008767647,0.0003754506],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008534553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.008714263,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01062533,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.008609412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9857201,0.009253476,0.0003679752,0.00110784,0.00230207,0.001248473],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9864572,0.009695578,0.001137145,0.001165516,0.0009906008,0.0005539166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007362694,0.00000758104,0.0005747839,0.00003413005,0.000004479434,0.0001402628,0.08111646,0.0001519846,0.0002618918,0.9107463,0.001628341,0.005326392],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001992308,0.00005883552,0.00123328,0.0006561828,0.00002078381,0.000429509,0.1495264,0.001657546,0.00131136,0.4679,0.3771077,0.00007841576],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2421601,0.004861145,0.06533388,0.0854073,0.0009162005,0.0001324971,0.00006931357,0.000164565,0.600955],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9875038,0.0007365558,0.002322,0.002759183,0.00009932575,0.00003981847,0.00002248339,0.00006815585,0.006448535],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9884484,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07337677,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01734124869911959,"score_gpt":0.2798268729866661,"score_spread":0.2624856242875465,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}