{"id":"W4416133569","doi":"10.1002/agg2.70257","title":"Spray nozzle type has a small and inconsistent effect on ammonia volatilization from surface‐applied urea ammonium‐nitrate","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agrosystems Geosciences & Environment","topic":"Polymer-Based Agricultural Enhancements","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","keywords":"Volatilisation; Ammonia volatilization from urea; Nozzle; Ammonia; Urea; Nitrogen","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002449665,0.000328955,0.0003167829,0.00006676897,0.0002174246,0.0001525251,0.0002257986,0.0001136213,0.00002257182],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000009521567,0.0002454139,0.00004462191,0.0002703417,0.0001305063,0.0001124352,0.00008070132,0.0001418853,0.0001251705],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002318684,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000188568,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006093811,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002666127,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983207,0.00006507526,0.0003583212,0.0005285965,0.0003404183,0.0003868917],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993487,0.0001269754,0.00008555313,0.0003080907,0.000007676144,0.0001230036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007173408,0.00009408911,0.01083241,0.0001279468,0.0001020602,0.000006339951,0.0002492811,0.04053767,0.9417537,0.0001254538,0.0002104884,0.00588886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001862326,0.0006901955,0.1502832,0.000580921,0.0001646747,0.000003281072,0.0002043065,0.03367522,0.7981324,0.00006726329,0.01326662,0.001069647],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9956157,0.0008876618,0.0006321243,0.00005937574,0.0006636261,0.0008786709,0.00003139414,0.0001448556,0.001086633],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989256,0.00008114342,0.0002644438,0.00005896448,0.00004157755,0.00009065744,0.00005106091,0.00001527099,0.0004712713],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1436213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999998,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009275442390959477,"score_gpt":0.1799855756158172,"score_spread":0.1707101332248578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}