{"id":"W4416136241","doi":"10.1109/pesgm52009.2025.11225499","title":"Safe Reinforcement Learning-based Automatic Generation Control","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Reinforcement learning; Context (archaeology); Control (management); Software deployment; Automatic Generation Control; Stability (learning theory)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001964046,0.0006659158,0.0006590321,0.0003442434,0.0004500843,0.0009670508,0.001264694,0.0007818957,0.001791938],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008647836,0.0002765378,0.0003682735,0.0001587501,0.002017078,0.001235043,0.001678369,0.00182323,0.0002790289],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001006095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001833594,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002842141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001867583,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986834,0.0004662297,0.00004948671,0.0001891466,0.0004121433,0.0001995159],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955899,0.00252622,0.0006110393,0.0004593178,0.0005927071,0.0002209086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000134012,0.00005844024,0.0005356254,0.0000538116,0.00002582064,0.0001189491,0.0001499394,0.8838786,0.004043227,0.08572131,0.0005460584,0.02473416],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001698663,0.00003582719,0.00004577702,0.00000601117,0.000003070428,0.00001159112,0.000005828148,0.9796764,0.0007378134,0.01909206,0.000364347,0.000004429726],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01811781,0.00006763017,0.9782329,0.0001881589,0.00002633922,0.00003697017,0.00001364716,0.0004184675,0.002898057],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9622612,0.00005312625,0.03618091,0.00006645748,0.00001400009,0.00006328742,0.000017365,0.00004805988,0.001295631],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002842141,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.010387,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007934538440659116,"score_gpt":0.2199471409168014,"score_spread":0.2120126024761423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}