{"id":"W4416154945","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5737483","title":"Labor Mobility, Innovation Risk, and the Valuation of Immigration Policy","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Incentive; Enforcement; Welfare; Immigration policy; Valuation (finance); Legalization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004181964,0.0003548001,0.0007992629,0.001378063,0.0007936841,0.004914821,0.0005720033,0.002924587,0.006985854],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02142259,0.0002486918,0.0006156364,0.001492941,0.002552224,0.003264861,0.001394473,0.001940329,0.0002664332],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002357708,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009130077,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002434005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002059741,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989181,0.0006426753,0.00005005888,0.00009692486,0.0001109561,0.0001813197],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9802209,0.01545233,0.002604618,0.0005069646,0.0004240197,0.0007911184],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007791396,0.0002911739,0.05647945,0.0001675818,0.0002232317,0.0005522246,0.001568439,0.06729131,0.001106136,0.836211,0.002415162,0.03291513],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006453018,0.0001429384,0.01935413,0.0001129688,0.00007821418,0.0001440609,0.001534376,0.06549115,0.0002745326,0.91048,0.002271834,0.00005133228],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.931416,0.002705773,0.01869216,0.01030253,0.0001075151,0.00003846622,0.0002668985,0.00003623768,0.03643453],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9962088,0.0008202227,0.0003920088,0.0000716623,0.000101721,0.00001063094,0.0000281675,0.000004907941,0.002361871],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006985854,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02336997,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01352032711707286,"score_gpt":0.3255911506719925,"score_spread":0.3120708235549197,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}