{"id":"W4416207340","doi":"10.1302/1358-992x.2025.13.054","title":"PUBLICATION BIAS AND PROTOCOL DEVIATIONS IN REGISTERED ORTHOPAEDIC TRIALS","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Orthopaedic Proceedings","topic":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Protocol (science); Randomized controlled trial; Clinical trial; Publication bias; Orthopedic surgery; Reporting bias; Research design; MEDLINE","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","scholarly_communication","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.2272279,0.0003491539,0.003242036,0.001891101,0.0002111571,0.002130979,0.001144561,0.0001814831,0.001927137],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3161764,0.0001897404,0.001080805,0.005566377,0.0001103106,0.0008397211,0.0002295196,0.0002708893,0.00035814],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007207278,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002574757,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001337297,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004793167,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9723786,0.003103584,0.01797913,0.001822924,0.00424219,0.0004735565],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9740916,0.005693769,0.01318578,0.0023599,0.00432381,0.0003450916],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004238921,0.0001010354,0.5983247,0.0003531689,0.000107705,0.000001857488,0.000430598,7.695836e-7,0.0001107526,0.04427223,0.2443426,0.1119122],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00139357,0.0000440681,0.1280487,0.0002753258,0.0001667891,0.00001215361,0.0005672656,0.002020605,0.00002857678,0.01743923,0.8497642,0.0002395482],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1467363,0.001291733,0.02092876,0.06729365,0.0009316579,0.3543309,0.00005177172,0.0001827557,0.4082525],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6999725,0.00005259104,0.006737099,0.003984207,0.0003575602,0.1981681,0.00002903612,0.00004496739,0.09065387],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.6054216,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9989852,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.7451644221117375,"score_gpt":0.548142946783037,"score_spread":0.1970214753287005,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}