{"id":"W4416214626","doi":"10.1109/tap.2025.3630887","title":"Multilevel Monte Carlo Coupled With the Parabolic Wave Equation Method for Uncertainty Analysis of Radio Wave Propagation in Tunnels","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation","topic":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Monte Carlo method; Polynomial chaos; Uncertainty quantification; Propagation of uncertainty; Wave propagation; Wireless; Radio propagation; Wave equation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005709548,0.0002023373,0.0003405895,0.0006261297,0.0001522211,0.000041544,0.00005598096,0.000101092,0.000009850906],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000143715,0.0001479621,0.0001143097,0.0008920388,0.00004691495,0.0001562344,9.652667e-7,0.0001790164,3.937523e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009612545,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004485136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000180788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007053649,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998816,0.00009914384,0.0004416421,0.0002735522,0.0001784554,0.0001912685],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991909,0.0002268268,0.0001053954,0.0002006272,0.0002381785,0.00003809477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002051149,0.00004924192,0.00001198785,0.0001182523,0.0003685209,4.290731e-7,0.001241073,0.9231607,0.03052561,0.0001117774,0.000003578788,0.04420367],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009694121,0.00009023998,0.0008459698,0.00009580535,0.0005409523,0.000001398943,0.0003553366,0.9551643,0.04168054,0.00008545964,0.00001448714,0.0001561774],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1196838,0.00008248862,0.8786804,0.0002306717,0.000101416,0.00108211,0.00004597743,0.0000612951,0.00003189077],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9927069,0.0001493174,0.006544556,0.00006771677,0.00001238903,0.0003511776,0.00002890343,0.0000202417,0.0001187808],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8730232,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6033721,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03451748063950223,"score_gpt":0.2649823335081475,"score_spread":0.2304648528686453,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}