{"id":"W4416215213","doi":"10.1051/0004-6361/202557270","title":"<i>Euclid</i> preparation","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Astronomy and Astrophysics","topic":"Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; University of Toronto","funders":"European Regional Development Fund; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia; Norsk Romsenter; Agenția Spațială Română; Agenzia Spaziale Italiana; Magyar Tudományos Akadémia; National Astronomical Observatory of Japan; European Commission; Agencia Estatal de Investigación; European Space Agency; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Surface brightness; Dwarf galaxy; Galaxy; Dwarf galaxy problem; Brightness; Surface brightness fluctuation; RADIUS; Confusion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001531269,0.0009566711,0.0006615411,0.001503278,0.0005536708,0.001500803,0.001844884,0.0004585233,0.1195662],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005828328,0.0005821064,0.0008860399,0.002135691,0.0003622413,0.0007540383,0.00149646,0.0009534009,0.1035696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007038034,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009729271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005235697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006373884,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999131,0.000182446,0.00009012649,0.0001803855,0.0003054018,0.000110657],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952113,0.0005295418,0.0002112076,0.002358899,0.001409871,0.0002792108],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004462148,0.00004018561,0.003109371,0.0003825313,0.00004913235,0.0002435216,0.0001472179,0.002774041,0.006412111,0.01898818,0.9132359,0.05417161],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001077122,0.0000707381,0.007299561,0.00007988142,0.00001564633,0.0002973675,0.00005503743,0.004321575,0.01122166,0.006379627,0.9700969,0.00005438356],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"dataset","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0124311,0.0004833164,0.1379841,0.0006226515,0.0009484459,0.001106183,0.6584532,0.04912764,0.1388433],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.03559835,0.0003971496,0.1381992,0.000510027,0.0002060401,0.00145141,0.7752419,0.0167538,0.03164214],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1195662,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3999887,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004083932510922308,"score_gpt":0.2072002185573689,"score_spread":0.2031162860464466,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}