{"id":"W4416222300","doi":"10.1093/brain/awaf433","title":"GFAP and NfL as predictors of disease progression and relapse activity in fingolimod-treated multiple sclerosis","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Brain","topic":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Population Health Research Institute","funders":"Novartis Pharma; EMD Serono; MedDay Pharmaceuticals; Innosuisse - Schweizerische Agentur für Innovationsförderung; Schweizerische Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft; Deutschen Multiple Sklerose Gesellschaft; Shionogi; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; National Research Foundation; Bayer HealthCare; Genentech; International Progressive MS Alliance; Vetenskapsrådet; Fresenius Medical Care North America; H. Lundbeck A/S; TG Therapeutics; Novocure; Multiple Sclerosis Society; European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis; Sanofi Genzyme; Universität Basel; F. Hoffmann-La Roche; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung; Alexion Pharmaceuticals; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries; Eli Lilly and Company; U.S. Department of Defense; GW Pharmaceuticals; Sanofi; Celgene; Servier; Gilead Sciences; Bayer; Pfizer; Biogen; GlaxoSmithKline; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung; Merck KGaA; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Multiple sclerosis; Fingolimod; Proportional hazards model; Longitudinal study; Glial fibrillary acidic protein; Cohort; Disease; Biomarker","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000308765,0.0001422426,0.0003219256,0.0002571744,0.0000764096,0.00001411742,0.0000507964,0.00007305382,0.000009571693],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003680002,0.0001141427,0.00003991032,0.0003469894,0.0002687817,0.00008635638,0.0002199483,0.0001758645,0.000001162326],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005487037,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000119262,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003804127,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001938743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988536,0.000126225,0.0001965921,0.000331184,0.0002521523,0.0002402992],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989218,0.0005318639,0.00005492255,0.0002351071,0.00006478826,0.0001915905],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001421913,0.0003109698,0.8943974,0.0004444238,0.00006398289,0.00001016663,0.0003183972,0.000001462972,0.07015637,0.00003380486,0.001058085,0.03178304],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003575834,0.0001758252,0.9838625,0.001351396,0.0000337935,4.707485e-7,0.00007907039,0.001364261,0.009120678,0.00003465105,0.0003238999,0.00007759871],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.994234,0.0007960591,0.000006602599,0.003405512,0.00002617963,0.0008330547,0.00003186953,0.00004138397,0.0006253942],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984719,0.0006443349,0.0001304928,0.00008857627,0.00001911706,0.00007903286,0.000009531033,0.00001167276,0.0005452982],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08946513,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4654604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03631842209821456,"score_gpt":0.3243997451715595,"score_spread":0.2880813230733449,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}