{"id":"W4416235395","doi":"10.1029/2025jg009175","title":"Diffusive CH 4 Emissions From Agricultural Ditches Overshadow CH 4 Sinks by Upland Fields","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences","topic":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","keywords":"Ditch; Nutrient; Carbon fibers; Soil water; Agriculture; Greenhouse gas; Hydrology (agriculture); Total organic carbon; Dissolved organic carbon","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001608831,0.0003185056,0.0002676489,0.0006665435,0.0003974254,0.0005562063,0.0002060013,0.000158954,0.001182349],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001662649,0.0002045297,0.0002022966,0.0008411863,0.0003934308,0.0004853048,0.0002918914,0.000131572,0.0001000608],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009402143,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005634425,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04278788,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05775412,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998838,0.000009505023,0.000006514894,0.00004499694,0.00002489396,0.00003024584],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998438,0.00002713183,0.00005006897,0.00001451981,0.00004673266,0.00001776423],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001727216,0.00004925636,0.8779507,0.0001343347,0.0001009921,0.0002206948,0.0002003919,0.00377756,0.1024499,0.000285977,0.0002314312,0.01442615],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003964883,0.0000139492,0.9935749,0.000004277395,0.00001491785,0.00002180372,0.0001228432,0.002776719,0.003080731,0.00005032738,0.0003309684,0.000004580842],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989476,0.000067314,0.0002618589,0.00001094802,0.000001552034,0.000005307461,0.0001680618,0.00001620823,0.0005212543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993825,0.0000497823,0.0001928021,0.000008428385,0.000002635333,0.000005444947,0.0001562581,0.000003219962,0.0001989508],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04278788,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08507764,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01136179830530351,"score_gpt":0.2590438595709015,"score_spread":0.247682061265598,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}