{"id":"W4416257143","doi":"10.2196/81484","title":"Perceptions, Usage, and Educational Impact of ChatGPT Among Medical Students in Germany: Cross-Sectional Mixed Methods Survey","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Formative Research","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Philipps-Universität Marburg","keywords":"Key (lock); Survey data collection; Multimethodology; MEDLINE; Medical ethics; Ethical issues","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00336656,0.0002389938,0.0004228097,0.001450186,0.0004227176,0.000914188,0.0002982538,0.0005144934,0.001597899],"category_scores_gemma":[0.006096221,0.000288987,0.0003306343,0.001132296,0.0005132792,0.0007911819,0.0009879072,0.000425179,0.0003220291],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007793386,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009272281,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002490783,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003539907,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980264,0.000832509,0.000257822,0.00018357,0.0003888698,0.0003106938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9942489,0.00210156,0.002007529,0.0001986553,0.0005217824,0.0009215792],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000116496,0.0003621026,0.9648719,0.0002898879,0.00005689764,0.0003354299,0.01129655,0.00009901674,0.0009454197,0.00006570611,0.0005682189,0.02099237],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007351697,0.0005266349,0.9832805,0.0001290075,0.00004190359,0.0004427201,0.01362167,0.0002985784,0.0004159992,0.00002858762,0.001185997,0.00002104952],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9993954,0.0001271212,0.00008130668,0.00006571537,0.000002118659,0.00002602234,0.0001451039,0.000003143952,0.0001541975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988711,0.0002997089,0.0002790622,0.00011158,0.00000641179,0.00007154857,0.0001600887,0.000002058861,0.0001984307],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00336656,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01780427,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2520420577891167,"score_gpt":0.6747592089240035,"score_spread":0.4227171511348868,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}