{"id":"W4416257337","doi":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.17231","title":"A Thick Volatile Atmosphere on the Ultrahot Super-Earth TOI-561 b","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham)","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Science and Technology Facilities Council; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation; Canadian Space Agency; Space Telescope Science Institute; Netherlands eScience Center; National Aeronautics and Space Administration","keywords":"Exoplanet; Atmosphere (unit); Planet; Hot Jupiter; Eclipse; Planetary surface; Atmospheric escape; Flux (metallurgy); Gas giant","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001149503,0.0005145641,0.0009778753,0.0003145615,0.00109642,0.0000492548,0.00189241,0.0003969273,0.008125214],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008581359,0.0005562771,0.000696254,0.0007350224,0.001593427,0.0001890923,0.001979882,0.00208451,0.0001533396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006656019,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001055109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02497718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001853963,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996063,0.0004708091,0.000330305,0.0009782943,0.00133905,0.0008185392],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9956936,0.001495457,0.0004961465,0.001218037,0.0008462947,0.0002504647],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001619126,0.001673018,0.783793,0.001254594,0.004408531,0.0006225536,0.03167561,0.001255818,0.0002054023,0.01879689,0.1370948,0.01760074],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.007435568,0.002225982,0.2299765,0.006002701,0.002068836,0.00001853137,0.4390188,0.008745519,0.002358713,0.008988439,0.2892437,0.003916756],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5011365,0.0002954619,0.0003840083,0.001545948,0.0003341845,0.0010477,0.0006455508,0.00006124085,0.4945494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9544441,0.0003522733,0.0006474649,0.00002011219,0.0001342568,2.803891e-7,0.0001652516,0.00002358039,0.0442127],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5538165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996889,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03886772825031876,"score_gpt":0.2587695951631924,"score_spread":0.2199018669128736,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}