{"id":"W4416265078","doi":"10.1002/rse2.70038","title":"Comparing convolutional neural network and random forest for benthic habitat mapping in Apollo Marine Park","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation","topic":"Underwater Acoustics Research","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Deakin University; Parks Victoria; U.S. Department of Energy","keywords":"Random forest; Habitat; Bathymetry; Convolutional neural network; Terrain; Benthic habitat; Context (archaeology); Marine protected area","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006403925,0.00007733896,0.0001829641,0.0001621115,0.0001663437,0.00003792416,0.00003532256,0.00009187171,0.000004648164],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001590546,0.00007901873,0.00001299779,0.000192443,0.0001345696,0.00007505508,0.00002530879,0.0001608918,8.444343e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000015138,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006032847,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002246224,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1852371,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991329,0.0001331312,0.0002211527,0.0001905614,0.00005454437,0.0002677373],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987226,0.001120189,0.0000384245,0.00005001685,0.00003986509,0.00002895496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001713428,0.000002825746,0.9228817,0.00004316889,0.0000087945,0.000005705607,0.00004579574,0.06288204,0.00001878971,0.00004324233,0.00004842571,0.01384818],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008456847,0.00001260761,0.4943649,0.00002690199,0.000003228362,0.000006671342,0.00002413232,0.4977731,0.000001293769,0.006854076,0.00005194634,0.00003542918],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979176,0.0001227202,0.01764574,0.00221647,0.0001847137,0.0003215794,0.000002044549,0.00001038747,0.0003202701],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9913376,0.00004959965,0.007912258,0.0005321647,0.00003137441,1.964506e-7,0.00007669065,0.000001767396,0.00005832298],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.434891,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8296302,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02818846836223532,"score_gpt":0.2479407689357429,"score_spread":0.2197523005735076,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}