{"id":"W4416267728","doi":"10.1080/08929882.2025.2583613","title":"Modeling Plutonium Production in the Experimental Light Water Reactor of North Korea","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Science and Global Security","topic":"Radioactive contamination and transfer","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Government of Canada","keywords":"Plutonium; Production (economics); Light-water reactor; Boiling water reactor","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004043663,0.000056646,0.00005838323,0.00002449695,0.0001117248,0.00002428773,0.0001862528,0.00001551582,0.00002271016],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001809546,0.00003322559,0.0000141746,0.0004576144,0.0003338081,0.0003483507,0.00005581708,0.00005116899,0.000004847097],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001385456,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001741411,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0006259736,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001001296,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992025,0.00002485046,0.00009920198,0.0002293301,0.0002953019,0.0001488085],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998345,0.000003112622,0.000008407748,0.0001124058,0.00001676271,0.00002477911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001515154,0.001136021,0.7773472,0.0000355927,0.00001307552,0.000008180207,0.02848144,0.00123795,0.1587818,0.01278115,0.0005960038,0.0194301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004703761,0.00008408649,0.7382613,0.00002187298,0.00001113388,0.00001118525,0.001758956,0.01212695,0.2419813,0.002497516,0.002576491,0.0001988049],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9859728,0.00003440713,0.00003677097,0.0009794016,0.000106863,0.0001487262,0.000002121246,0.000005364443,0.01271358],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9997922,0.000008600789,0.00001298769,0.0001588653,0.000006753206,0.000006416542,7.75691e-7,6.537216e-7,0.00001273379],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.08319952,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.13549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006834429886790933,"score_gpt":0.2399384247349231,"score_spread":0.2331039948481322,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}