{"id":"W4416277787","doi":"10.46488/nept.2025.v24i04.b4312","title":"An Analytical Investigation of Urban Expansion Patterns in the Kolkata Metropolitan Development Authority (KMDA) Region Using Geoinformatics","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature Environment and Pollution Technology","topic":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Geoinformatics; Metropolitan area; Urbanization; Urban expansion; Urban planning; Urban sprawl; Common spatial pattern; Land use","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002897879,0.0001630956,0.0001334673,0.004347944,0.0002896451,0.0007780879,0.0002079812,0.0001044,0.001460576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007757003,0.0001326035,0.0001814331,0.007588261,0.0002996503,0.0003699294,0.0006378551,0.0001428165,0.0002843967],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00192125,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001518455,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1129982,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2583483,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999785,0.00004869886,0.00002413451,0.00004150224,0.00005400955,0.0000467799],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995573,0.0001308984,0.0001245075,0.00002888217,0.0001244528,0.00003392419],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003629388,0.00002364905,0.9581301,0.0001079661,0.00004428934,0.0003516003,0.002101199,0.003652009,0.001370384,0.00111173,0.001123352,0.0319476],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001293795,0.00001621099,0.9889657,0.00003091095,0.00001412162,0.0001402857,0.00443877,0.00304928,0.0003821829,0.0001144745,0.002836281,0.00001032728],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9892609,0.0001684438,0.001137483,0.00006251685,0.000002663324,0.0000505599,0.00390653,0.00002830371,0.005382494],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9925322,0.0002565217,0.002879746,0.00001852066,0.000002684274,0.00006843701,0.002888495,0.000007042742,0.001346293],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1129982,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.224681,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01113600000607279,"score_gpt":0.2436635797126558,"score_spread":0.232527579706583,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}