{"id":"W4416290372","doi":"10.29173/alr2805","title":"Patent Litigation in the Energy Sector: Insights and Strategies from the Last Decade","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Law Review","topic":"Corporate Law and Human Rights","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Subject matter; Value (mathematics); Patent infringement; Energy (signal processing); Patent troll; Energy sector; Key (lock); Energy law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01200022,0.000281191,0.000454004,0.007604218,0.004332872,0.01348977,0.001952496,0.009888577,0.003024959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0179502,0.0002685171,0.0005372582,0.007291683,0.01064744,0.008802259,0.003273997,0.003587547,0.00041572],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02016402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02418872,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0666211,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1152743,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9929571,0.001678089,0.0003959585,0.0005325111,0.003374975,0.001061422],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9689085,0.02118304,0.00292971,0.0005020615,0.005101408,0.00137526],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004126742,0.000139512,0.007383795,0.001254964,0.00004818038,0.001547077,0.009327781,0.001515749,0.0008959072,0.5603423,0.0418621,0.3756413],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001602543,0.0001222917,0.02028617,0.003136675,0.00005210565,0.001280329,0.01488591,0.001067565,0.001077887,0.07053651,0.887445,0.00009343102],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.05909232,0.5713668,0.002743268,0.2285744,0.0009706016,0.00005332279,0.0001236093,0.00008284749,0.1369928],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4251285,0.5089242,0.002650064,0.04078128,0.001778304,0.00003693988,0.0001837418,0.00003782869,0.0204791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0666211,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1463009,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0282659672454052,"score_gpt":0.2290565084792762,"score_spread":0.2007905412338711,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}