{"id":"W4416292039","doi":"10.1080/24745332.2025.2576718","title":"Temporal trends and regional variations in the burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Respiratory Critical Care and Sleep Medicine","topic":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Research","field":"Medicine","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Vancouver Coastal Health; St. Paul's Hospital; University of British Columbia","funders":"Reseau canadien de recherche respiratoire; Canadian Lung Association; AstraZeneca Canada; AstraZeneca","keywords":"Pulmonary disease; COPD; Disease; MEDLINE; Epidemiology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000407297,0.0001515628,0.0003938891,0.00090909,0.0001373706,0.00001517367,0.0001603022,0.00008425917,0.0001504545],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009260355,0.0001070184,0.00008297752,0.0005661629,0.00142919,0.0001189918,0.00002211226,0.000486081,2.896154e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003886175,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002652364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001552145,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001100082,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984036,0.0002010899,0.000478081,0.0002094967,0.0004034634,0.0003042564],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.997856,0.0003956542,0.00007089027,0.0002280373,0.0005406996,0.0009086702],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001183347,0.0001831868,0.4866095,0.004174976,0.0002988603,0.0126851,0.006673548,0.00002908127,0.0004222495,0.05033593,0.005101088,0.4323031],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001902379,0.0006403988,0.9585475,0.0009351331,0.0004895307,0.0002438599,0.008751024,0.0003067688,0.00000561615,0.002456629,0.0256009,0.0001202468],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6835645,0.2506763,0.0001176546,0.05696004,0.0003989256,0.0004384547,0.0001383922,0.000006550883,0.007699083],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982978,0.00007087728,0.00003103588,0.0009151541,0.0006041496,0.000008069816,0.00001307748,0.00001000334,0.00004981936],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.471938,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.526591,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02446158607034977,"score_gpt":0.3196759714684168,"score_spread":0.295214385398067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}