{"id":"W4416298860","doi":"10.5194/wcd-6-1419-2025","title":"QBOi El Niño–Southern Oscillation experiments: teleconnections of the QBO","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Korea Meteorological Administration; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Met Office; Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency","keywords":"Teleconnection; Arctic oscillation; Quasi-biennial oscillation; Oscillation (cell signaling); Precipitation; Polar vortex; El Niño Southern Oscillation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000660817,0.0003385026,0.0002294393,0.0001412538,0.0002958925,0.0003798083,0.0003567645,0.0002503765,0.000585981],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0007290203,0.0001672997,0.0003237931,0.0001757278,0.0003868771,0.0004301229,0.000380228,0.0005133959,0.00006129337],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007791374,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003185621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00823814,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01032154,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998313,0.00005802455,0.00001197131,0.00004185394,0.00002609584,0.00003071395],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995477,0.000148568,0.000113216,0.0000687774,0.00004467721,0.00007703307],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.01210973,0.006254732,0.3909146,0.0004199512,0.001410077,0.0003872718,0.000839864,0.2925056,0.2528293,0.005913579,0.005044351,0.03137094],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001609191,0.003534909,0.4854863,0.00002756994,0.0002811994,0.00006642439,0.0004596467,0.4605657,0.04098622,0.002642994,0.00422213,0.0001178222],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9983774,0.00002422265,0.0005915646,0.00003538736,0.00001629958,0.00001890172,0.0003280816,0.00002488554,0.0005831411],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9985691,0.00003087227,0.0004604878,0.00003926637,0.000007120281,0.00005064122,0.0006622381,0.00001187262,0.000168322],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00823814,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01638037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007478516927193817,"score_gpt":0.2416888283100176,"score_spread":0.2342103113828238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}