{"id":"W4416298860","doi":"10.5194/wcd-6-1419-2025","title":"QBOi El Niño–Southern Oscillation experiments: teleconnections of the QBO","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Weather and Climate Dynamics","topic":"Climate variability and models","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","funders":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science; Korea Meteorological Administration; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology; Met Office; Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency","keywords":"Teleconnection; Arctic oscillation; Quasi-biennial oscillation; Oscillation (cell signaling); Precipitation; Polar vortex; El Niño Southern Oscillation","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001611717,0.0000876852,0.00009988705,0.00001768825,0.0001830551,0.00001703235,0.0001166763,0.0000598823,0.0003904379],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000142888,0.00006404721,0.00005268833,0.0001552615,0.000152124,0.00006399007,0.0001770142,0.00006295445,0.00002081479],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009170784,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000006104185,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003651611,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006951882,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993654,0.00003616279,0.0001723722,0.0001839703,0.00009254131,0.0001495251],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999635,0.00003403054,0.00005235365,0.0002488083,0.000006972273,0.00002287927],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005285073,0.0003612091,0.9090932,0.00007707586,0.00005113096,3.210638e-7,0.004566489,0.006069982,0.01675041,0.05803305,0.0001516709,0.0047926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001657117,0.0001177025,0.228125,0.0001521517,0.000195304,0.000009151669,0.01033365,0.6969416,0.001242248,0.0567815,0.003810946,0.0006336677],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9464532,0.00003012272,0.0006637762,0.0003664235,0.0001356633,0.0001694721,0.00007542429,0.00002300678,0.05208295],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987172,0.00007829146,0.0001267807,0.0001387255,0.000005894878,0.00001238561,0.000006100598,0.000007135031,0.00090751],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6908715,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4275022,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007478516927193817,"score_gpt":0.2416888283100176,"score_spread":0.2342103113828238,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}