{"id":"W4416302813","doi":"10.1007/s44223-025-00103-5","title":"Vertical Parallel Multi-Material 4D Printing (VPM-4DP): a novel strategy for achieving bio-inspired doubly curved non-planar hygroscopic actuators","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Architectural Intelligence","topic":"Advanced Materials and Mechanics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Actuator; 3D printing; Bespoke; Curvature; Planar; Layering; Composite number; 3d printed; Template","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001289503,0.0005166804,0.0002509316,0.0002807126,0.0001857496,0.0003734469,0.0006689417,0.0004965849,0.001189261],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001389617,0.0003998215,0.0003423791,0.0001960331,0.0003437356,0.0003363839,0.0007692468,0.0005987863,0.0007959745],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002508335,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001426435,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001929551,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002574189,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998304,0.00001702759,0.00001205245,0.00004821822,0.00006415913,0.0000282156],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998772,0.00001708618,0.00004402479,0.00003390861,0.00001110442,0.00001672263],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001546579,0.00001180531,0.00007339722,0.00006366003,0.000005626259,0.0001063534,0.00001845052,0.001119048,0.9902322,0.0008726799,0.0001291968,0.007352052],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000008050341,0.00009661509,0.0004249034,0.000005772417,0.000006922423,0.0002575518,0.000007847717,0.009582238,0.9828691,0.000258907,0.006461571,0.00002046138],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6258755,0.002522239,0.350982,0.0003233595,0.0003220113,0.0002101359,0.0004168487,0.001996143,0.01735186],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8503531,0.0006793419,0.1431112,0.0001278877,0.00002799832,0.0001458898,0.0001659448,0.0001234684,0.005265213],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001189261,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003978491,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03399978303539175,"score_gpt":0.2963941119954935,"score_spread":0.2623943289601017,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}