{"id":"W4416319420","doi":"10.1148/radiol.242961","title":"Generative AI and Foundation Models in Radiology: Applications, Opportunities, and Potential Challenges","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Radiology","topic":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","field":"Medicine","cited_by":6,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Public Health Ontario","funders":"","keywords":"Leverage (statistics); Generative grammar; Transformative learning; Modalities; Domain (mathematical analysis); Foundation (evidence); Health care","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005681983,0.0007049785,0.00106655,0.001306349,0.0003655693,0.00339506,0.002106511,0.002118197,0.003904421],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0112018,0.0005762433,0.0009230452,0.001359701,0.003265934,0.003749944,0.002058886,0.004057025,0.001215679],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001664703,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002237099,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003485315,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004340496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986069,0.0007974391,0.00007228176,0.0001595072,0.0003043167,0.00005963516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9889597,0.00954643,0.0002228706,0.0004371643,0.0006233778,0.0002105051],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008485679,0.00007370672,0.002391682,0.003532387,0.0001846881,0.0003751082,0.0006024112,0.05228078,0.001248911,0.4367971,0.02055372,0.4818746],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002870255,0.00012592,0.001072836,0.003115992,0.00008226561,0.0008623454,0.000413604,0.125074,0.001591201,0.6230212,0.2444948,0.0001170991],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.007449949,0.4717849,0.4467222,0.0426897,0.001130308,0.0001275715,0.0003585222,0.001130268,0.02860661],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2030745,0.5195733,0.2588874,0.007768276,0.00254999,0.000352127,0.0007770136,0.0004568734,0.006560528],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005681983,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0300495,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1982565112165851,"score_gpt":0.4113168125802816,"score_spread":0.2130603013636965,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}