{"id":"W4416329819","doi":"10.1088/2977-3504/ae209c","title":"Valorization of oat hulls and spent coffee grounds into pyridinium-modified granular adsorbents for water purification","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability Science and Technology","topic":"Adsorption and biosorption for pollutant removal","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Adsorption; Methylene blue; Cationic polymerization; Methyl orange; Chemical modification; BET theory; Water treatment; Solvent; Specific surface area","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008310206,0.0001053161,0.0001517049,0.0002819164,0.000316171,0.00003425327,0.0002420435,0.0001216961,0.0000200728],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003279789,0.00008013511,0.00002357649,0.0009239331,0.002608128,0.0002941807,0.0002648534,0.00007031079,0.000002931505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002721475,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000609614,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005965541,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002030711,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987768,0.00001872742,0.0002425581,0.0004607416,0.0002268968,0.0002742761],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994238,0.00002008546,0.00006399375,0.0002674033,0.0001747957,0.00004992091],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001052967,0.0002176443,0.08977905,0.0002013488,0.000008146372,8.102434e-7,0.0006675821,0.00003824789,0.6661016,0.1803213,0.00009608872,0.06246285],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009709865,0.0003315673,0.05550489,0.0000133641,0.00003305744,0.000007239965,0.002347644,0.004395566,0.3486705,0.5779033,0.009570324,0.0002514863],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9866196,0.00002259225,0.00611202,0.006143791,0.00008912716,0.0007208117,0.000003521271,0.00005350507,0.0002350249],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.999118,0.00002136087,0.000454726,0.00006656003,0.000004451634,0.00003519878,0.00000490766,0.00000313375,0.0002916312],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3975821,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9609755,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005605872758914532,"score_gpt":0.2525448023241366,"score_spread":0.2469389295652221,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}