{"id":"W4416337974","doi":"10.1039/d5mh01507c","title":"Materials derived from a sulfur vulcanization of biochar","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Materials Horizons","topic":"Synthesis and properties of polymers","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Chicoutimi; Université de Montréal","funders":"Mitacs; Canada Research Chairs; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Fonds de recherche du Québec; Centre québécois sur les matériaux fonctionnels; Polytechnique Montréal","keywords":"Biochar; Pyrolysis; Sulfur; Vulcanization; Polymerization; Carbon fibers; Biomass (ecology)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004228008,0.0002188235,0.000520569,0.0001246057,0.0001308291,0.0001696874,0.0004122793,0.0001382812,0.01238547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001986809,0.0001858627,0.00004831441,0.000167017,0.0001492899,0.0001638056,0.0001722731,0.00002519206,0.0003981493],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003637489,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00009952794,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002302092,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002750883,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982355,0.0002534626,0.0006359625,0.000371443,0.0001963899,0.0003072327],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990279,0.0001029721,0.0002453285,0.0004696855,0.00009939585,0.0000546886],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001506104,0.00004474694,0.00005330816,0.0000596129,0.00002773643,0.000001520056,0.0001660906,0.000001440116,0.9971457,0.001106813,0.0007229975,0.0005194058],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002342777,0.00006000574,0.001267227,0.0001476649,0.00005737758,6.1852e-7,0.0001560437,4.853592e-7,0.9965892,0.0005429212,0.0007587777,0.0001853513],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9938968,0.0003519819,0.0003331438,0.0003996978,0.002997031,0.0002613626,0.001034665,0.0001136219,0.0006116795],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982138,0.00006077739,0.0009624113,0.0001356079,0.0002083955,0.000046405,0.00008748285,0.00002740891,0.0002577051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01198733,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9885173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01177300003533716,"score_gpt":0.2292604903613298,"score_spread":0.2174874903259926,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}