{"id":"W4416338140","doi":"10.1109/ccwc62904.2025.10903834","title":"High Resolution Millimeter Wave Imaging Based on FMCW Radar Systems at W-Band","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Lidar; Radar imaging; Synthetic aperture radar; Extremely high frequency; High resolution; Continuous wave; Continuous-wave radar; Wave radar; Side looking airborne radar","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003727133,0.00009306047,0.0001215568,0.0001911955,0.0001952704,0.0000759468,0.00007603106,0.00002712636,0.001878785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003013818,0.00006954595,0.00006313948,0.0002552066,0.00002420161,0.00009841072,0.000003139229,0.00004926842,0.0002388875],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001599258,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002232526,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001550793,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007014021,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990653,0.0001037278,0.0001743767,0.0002076634,0.0002795336,0.0001693377],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995882,0.0001228395,0.00004305085,0.0001541366,0.00004292478,0.00004887086],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002474022,0.00004132445,0.8565401,0.0000812252,0.0001300049,0.00001667609,0.00006820558,0.06441084,0.002009091,0.000508602,0.05492082,0.0210257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007339142,0.00004662497,0.294877,0.00008944998,0.00009035829,6.771541e-7,0.00009534867,0.6909185,0.002734991,0.0002038666,0.00998124,0.0002280865],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5268199,0.004052246,0.04107051,0.007445392,0.003435761,0.000763842,0.0001639544,0.000382402,0.4158659],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9922894,0.000008045442,0.0007346665,0.0007454802,0.0000461478,9.654252e-7,0.0001701707,0.000001360725,0.00600373],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6265076,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9990336,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01803067578365436,"score_gpt":0.2030890672897916,"score_spread":0.1850583915061373,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}