{"id":"W4416347600","doi":"10.1101/2025.11.12.25340079","title":"Trends in youth use of non-cigarette tobacco products in England, Canada, and the US and the impact of England’s menthol cigarette ban on use","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"medRxiv","topic":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","field":"Medicine","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Health Canada; Ministry of Health, British Columbia; National Cancer Institute; Cancer Research UK; National Institutes of Health; Pfizer; Roswell Park Cancer Institute","keywords":"Menthol; Tobacco product; Product (mathematics); Tobacco use; Tobacco control; Tobacco industry; Cigarette smoking","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000606408,0.0002258813,0.000313022,0.001179054,0.0008325415,0.001413448,0.0007733963,0.00034734,0.002009143],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002347888,0.0002774037,0.0006117422,0.002841471,0.0004766937,0.000807624,0.001042684,0.0006848423,0.0002245461],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.01550948,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01657533,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.991559,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9938203,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990875,0.00005895756,0.00007229599,0.0001487014,0.0003176864,0.0003150074],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967855,0.0001495113,0.0007149147,0.00006391727,0.001651356,0.0006348155],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007217433,0.00001682917,0.9904599,0.00007658155,0.0000616796,0.0000747808,0.001248365,0.0001037511,0.0001287147,0.0002027054,0.001866609,0.005687922],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001767098,0.000009558868,0.9973175,0.00003763838,0.0000159823,0.00002584054,0.001166342,0.0000906429,0.0000583665,0.000009131561,0.001260316,0.000006917223],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9747332,0.002169964,0.0001326604,0.001084193,0.00002481411,0.00002685572,0.01898533,0.00002114915,0.002821696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878,0.001754565,0.0001961262,0.0002368612,0.00001113257,0.00002185653,0.007616594,0.00001132865,0.002351585],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01550948,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1125297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03364507632598248,"score_gpt":0.2836786361178952,"score_spread":0.2500335597919128,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}