{"id":"W4416353083","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.5767604","title":"The U.S. Shale Energy Sector Navigating Domestic Policies in a Fragmenting Global Economy","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"preprint","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Market Dynamics and Volatility","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Regina; University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Oil shale; Geopolitics; Equity (law); Leverage (statistics); Energy policy; Upstream (networking); Subsidy; Energy sector; Private sector","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000206578,0.00008366157,0.0001811219,0.0003404564,0.000488503,0.001909873,0.0001447127,0.0005871337,0.003852742],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001113791,0.00008610593,0.00008575866,0.0009638196,0.0004584696,0.001460304,0.0006881859,0.0005863922,0.0002754726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001166291,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001205934,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.06536394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1180165,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9999566,0.00001050512,0.000001727847,0.000009529387,0.000006259456,0.00001533114],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998332,0.00004974518,0.00004310238,0.00001245128,0.00002665437,0.00003468477],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009194748,0.0002380558,0.3289963,0.0002193734,0.0001323233,0.001080174,0.00464206,0.1429067,0.005982135,0.3067073,0.03745192,0.1707242],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008039013,0.0002350965,0.4124372,0.0002390804,0.0001231748,0.0002579842,0.02823848,0.1705798,0.002799051,0.3124827,0.07244093,0.00008616093],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9606385,0.000801212,0.001433002,0.007043322,0.00002493978,0.000005460457,0.0004954012,0.00003250521,0.02952563],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978156,0.000401106,0.0002596562,0.0001384347,0.00000452484,0.000001380156,0.00009476055,0.000008418927,0.001276026],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06536394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.129967,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0095287548069955,"score_gpt":0.2458865829535552,"score_spread":0.2363578281465597,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}