{"id":"W4416361907","doi":"10.1109/aiware69974.2025.00016","title":"Examining the Usage of Generative AI Models in Student Learning Activities for Software Programming","year":2025,"lang":"","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Teaching and Learning Programming","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; McGill University","keywords":"Task (project management); Generative grammar; Task analysis; Software; Generative model; Knowledge level; Online learning; Inductive programming","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003903532,0.0004374391,0.0006389352,0.0004439446,0.001062483,0.001020027,0.001408363,0.0001873849,0.000006181711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005957399,0.0003464359,0.0002141583,0.001078243,0.0002681486,0.0008854423,0.0008999542,0.001439377,8.341692e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001731522,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004322516,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003132615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001498536,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956728,0.00108012,0.0008764872,0.00094154,0.0005215601,0.0009075095],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965116,0.002188244,0.0004209012,0.0006291301,0.000179567,0.00007056202],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000251609,0.0002040029,0.009569832,0.0001613623,0.0001108837,0.000003632245,0.04893157,0.165379,0.00004092843,0.01125218,0.00002235841,0.7642991],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00214694,0.001413014,0.005127599,0.0018752,0.0001390245,0.000007199517,0.04891022,0.905104,0.0009822176,0.001130654,0.03224827,0.0009156836],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.07799489,0.001290034,0.9176162,0.0008968086,0.0005352668,0.001212815,0.000001117954,0.0002045464,0.0002482832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7746157,0.00002468159,0.2206762,0.0002191335,0.00006198889,0.0002735016,0.000002319542,0.00002391069,0.004102597],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7633834,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998988,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04642312371418628,"score_gpt":0.3229920132718693,"score_spread":0.276568889557683,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}