{"id":"W4416361930","doi":"10.1063/5.0283797","title":"A laser-based system for real-time detection of toxic elements in aerosols and gases","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics Letters","topic":"Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Hydro-Québec; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Fusion Energy Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Compute Canada","keywords":"Particle (ecology); Laser; Particle size; Aerosol; Particulates","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006739255,0.0001182248,0.0001808571,0.00005575933,0.0000303489,0.00001310441,0.00005562984,0.00004239525,0.000001160212],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001724364,0.0001311635,0.00003167439,0.0001775348,0.00001562125,0.00003670538,0.000008236349,0.0000676505,0.000003560067],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000767814,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009454634,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001732394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0000125722,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994372,0.000008749589,0.0001818861,0.00013885,0.00006257297,0.0001707242],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997035,0.0001070202,0.00003467555,0.0001270644,0.000007173177,0.00002055159],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000339737,0.00001797132,0.00006958143,0.0003397218,0.00002794387,5.366895e-7,0.00002478684,0.01196984,0.9856473,0.000341008,0.0001134131,0.001413932],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007973134,0.00001807336,0.000146803,0.00007791904,0.00002251534,1.068951e-7,0.00001784254,0.01718927,0.981544,0.0000432766,0.00003949584,0.0001033903],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9837291,0.000003202159,0.01482141,0.00002094375,0.00007823143,0.0003959094,0.00002855314,0.00009605128,0.0008266388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988711,0.000002208381,0.0008176813,0.00008507878,0.00003348172,0.0001500163,0.00001887243,0.00001662365,0.000004916008],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01514206,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5348693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006072701805276952,"score_gpt":0.2067815662732543,"score_spread":0.2007088644679773,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}