{"id":"W4416366197","doi":"10.22329/jtl.v19i5.8855","title":"Exploring the Prospective Biology Teachers’ Field-Trip Experiences as an Outdoor Learning Activity","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Teaching and Learning","topic":"Outdoor and Experiential Education","field":"Psychology","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Outdoor education; Natural (archaeology); Field (mathematics); Natural history; Qualitative research; Outdoor activity; Content analysis; Informal learning","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002125313,0.0001280314,0.0002223946,0.0001783321,0.001056496,0.0001182114,0.0001878732,0.00007733049,0.0001179792],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001825293,0.00008887213,0.00008661596,0.0001217797,0.00007358602,0.0004252077,0.00004488916,0.002586556,0.000005659992],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004496969,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005451225,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007323974,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005860847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9976227,0.001573447,0.0002572591,0.0002108536,0.0001088225,0.0002268647],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989048,0.0005690026,0.0002806834,0.0001182624,0.00005762621,0.00006962221],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001968935,0.0001124045,0.05622013,0.000004932484,0.000101164,0.000004865937,0.581708,0.0000601056,0.002035373,0.001670802,0.0001398719,0.3577454],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007304194,0.001594289,0.07537193,0.0001036814,0.0000752352,0.0001020735,0.878937,0.0001415984,0.001061091,0.0004871118,0.04118255,0.0002130099],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839664,0.0003809986,0.002351158,0.001178611,0.001963968,0.00007029677,5.225387e-8,0.00003433732,0.01005425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963197,0.00002221197,0.0002152846,0.0001337038,0.0005105832,0.00002501449,4.642023e-7,0.000009923142,0.002763157],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3575324,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9997145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04521531084147457,"score_gpt":0.3899514803197269,"score_spread":0.3447361694782524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}