{"id":"W4416379918","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106716","title":"Assessment of the predictive ability of standard and refined laser-induced incandescence models against experimental databases from the literature – A benchmarking analysis of commonly used modeling approaches","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Aerosol Science","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Benchmarking; Soot; Sensitivity (control systems); Thermal; Microscale chemistry; Combustion; HVAC; Radiative transfer","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007039,0.0001227311,0.0004089395,0.0001670716,0.00009895183,0.00002163326,0.0007089472,0.00004539305,0.000001081336],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004034805,0.00007251847,0.0001190275,0.001709703,0.0004356208,0.0004642106,0.0003692485,0.0003527137,1.72451e-9],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001545295,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001896977,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002407263,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000008412639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984554,0.00004703782,0.0005681708,0.0001972573,0.000597328,0.0001347712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9983959,0.0003229503,0.0004865573,0.0004543623,0.0003070951,0.0000331136],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002994152,0.00003986741,0.001753506,0.00001508561,0.00008678938,2.44794e-7,0.0004076588,0.5755745,0.4214787,0.0003403847,7.22338e-7,0.0002725848],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002052267,0.0000399683,0.001009649,0.0003306371,0.00009068372,3.852576e-7,0.001005857,0.6619285,0.3352501,0.00009785176,8.793673e-8,0.00004098841],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8410272,0.0002010528,0.1583826,0.0001055786,0.00004249581,0.00009454628,0.0001015317,0.00001020582,0.00003478388],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9841253,0.00002501064,0.01582346,0.00000948563,0.00000706641,0.000003072929,0.000002543366,0.00000352086,5.786471e-7],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1430981,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2957217,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04435219065562698,"score_gpt":0.3028695168761996,"score_spread":0.2585173262205726,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}