{"id":"W4416388233","doi":"10.1016/j.fuel.2025.137571","title":"Catalytic hydrotreating of food waste-derived hydrothermal liquefaction bio-crude: A comparative study of Pd/C, in-situ sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 and CoMo/Al2O3 catalysts","year":2025,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Fuel","topic":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada; University of Ottawa","funders":"Office of Energy Research and Development; National Research Council Canada","keywords":"Hydrodesulfurization; Hydrothermal liquefaction; Deoxygenation; Catalysis; Hydrogen; Thermogravimetric analysis; Asphaltene; Pyrolysis; Hydrocarbon","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001016913,0.0002284069,0.0005113576,0.0002872809,0.00003049736,0.00001329224,0.0001862344,0.0001048379,0.00000748998],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004031449,0.0002320563,0.00004701922,0.0005572737,0.00009526085,0.0001542814,0.0001018038,0.0001589383,0.000003402798],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008361654,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003518373,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001791478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003757028,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988115,0.00004718716,0.000494802,0.0002688342,0.0001676234,0.0002100514],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993064,0.0001689735,0.0001265863,0.0002675298,0.00007502079,0.00005544262],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001088097,0.0002738144,0.00362403,0.0008592309,0.0002334631,0.000004243802,0.005326135,0.0002948012,0.9884288,0.00003848867,0.00003822788,0.0007699926],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001670527,0.0002081377,0.004178381,0.0002309568,0.00006361421,0.000002337722,0.005596592,0.001305337,0.9864483,0.0001042075,0.000005906249,0.0001857258],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9962442,0.0006687168,0.00003965219,0.00001700164,0.00007947745,0.0005278824,0.0000138325,0.00009232094,0.002316902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9998088,0.00001931108,0.00005134981,0.000007566617,0.00001038313,0.0000378775,0.00001557225,0.00002053801,0.00002857623],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.003564612,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9462981,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01299240804950483,"score_gpt":0.2395735269888954,"score_spread":0.2265811189393906,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}